English Language Learner:
Linguistics
Dr.
Karen Lea |
|
Phone: |
509-891-7219 |
Office
Hours: |
8
a.m. to 5 p.m. PST Monday - Friday |
Email: |
|
Address: |
Virtual
Education Software |
|
23403
E Mission Avenue, Suite 220F |
|
Liberty
Lake, WA 99019 |
Technical
Support: |
English
Language Learner: Linguistics was
written to help teachers understand concepts and terms related to educating
students whose first language is not English. This course discusses how to understand theoretical foundations of
linguistics and how to apply the knowledge and skills in linguistics in ELL
classrooms and content classrooms.
This
computer-based instruction course is a self-supporting program that provides
instruction, structured practice, and evaluation all on your home or school
computer. Technical support information can be found in the Help section of
your course.
Title: |
English Language Learner: Linguistics |
Publisher: |
Virtual Education Software, inc. 2020, Revised 2022 |
Instructor: |
Dr. Karen Lea |
The structure
and format of most distance-learning courses presume a high level of personal
and academic integrity in completion and submission of coursework. Individuals
enrolled in a distance-learning course are expected to adhere to the following
standards of academic conduct.
Academic work
submitted by the individual (such as papers, assignments, reports, tests) shall
be the student’s own work or appropriately attributed, in part or in whole, to
its correct source. Submission of commercially prepared (or group prepared)
materials as if they are one’s own work is unacceptable.
The individual
will encourage honesty in others by refraining from providing materials or
information to another person with knowledge that these materials or
information will be used improperly.
Violation of
these academic standards will result in the assignment of a failing grade and
subsequent loss of credit for the course.
This course is
designed as an informational course for K–12 teachers, administrators, parents,
and related service personnel. Information discussed is designed to help you
better understand linguistics.
As a result of taking this course, participants will
be able to demonstrate their ability to:
1.
Understand
the origins, structure, and development of language and its application to
other areas of humanistic and scientific knowledge.
2.
Understand
the general characteristics of the structure of language, including its
phonological sound system, word structure, and phrase and sentence patterns.
3.
Identify
the terminology used to describe and analyze the structure and systems of
language.
4.
Identify
basic principles of linguistic theory.
5.
Consider
linguistic diversity a wealth, not a problem.
Information
provided in this course has been divided into four chapters, which should be
completed in the order in which they are presented in the program. Once you
have completed these four chapters, you should have a better understanding of
linguistics. This course will give you the knowledge and skills to create
morphological trees and use the International Phonetic Alphabet. This course
will include discussions on phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax,
semantics, and pragmatics. You are strongly encouraged to read additional journal
articles, books, and research materials outside the course material to gain a
better understanding of current issues related to educating students who are
learning English as a second language.
This chapter
focuses on the science and principles of linguistics, including
sociolinguistics, pragmatics, structural linguistics, systemic-functional
linguistics, discourse analysis, text linguistics, deep grammar, and current
trends.
Chapter 2
focuses on the knowledge and skills of phonology, phonetics, phonemes, the
International Phonetic Alphabet, and best practices in the classroom.
This chapter
focuses on morphology, semantics, pragmatics, and instructional methods for
teaching these in the ELL classroom and the content classroom.
This chapter
focuses on syntax, pragmatics, and instructional methods for teaching these in
the ELL classroom and the content classroom.
As a student you will be expected to:
·
Complete all four information sections showing a
competent understanding of the material presented in each section.
·
Complete all four section examinations, showing a
competent understanding of the material presented. You
must obtain an overall score of 70% or higher, with no individual exam score below 50%, and successfully
complete ALL writing assignments to pass this course. *Please note: Minimum
exam score requirements may vary by college or university; therefore, you
should refer to your course addendum to determine what your minimum exam score
requirements are.
·
Complete
a review of any section on which your examination score was below 50%.
·
Retake
any examination, after completing an information review, to increase that
examination score to a minimum of 50%, making sure to also be achieving an
overall exam score of a minimum 70% (maximum of three attempts). *Please note: Minimum
exam score requirements may vary by college or university; therefore, you
should refer to your course addendum to determine what your minimum exam score
requirements are.
·
Complete all course journal article and essay writing
assignments with the minimum word count shown for each writing assignment.
·
Complete a course evaluation form at the end of the
course.
At the end of
each course section, you will be expected to complete an examination designed
to assess your knowledge. You may take these exams a total of three times. Your
last score will save, not the highest score. After your third attempt, each
examination will lock and not allow further access. The average from your exam scores will be printed on your certificate. However,
this is not your final grade since your required writing assignments have not
been reviewed. Exceptionally written or poorly written required writing
assignments, or violation of the academic integrity policy in the course syllabus,
will affect your grade. As this is a self-paced computerized instruction
program, you may review course information as often as necessary. You will not
be able to exit any examinations until you have answered all questions. If you
try to exit the exam before you complete all questions, your information will
be lost. You are expected to complete the entire exam in one sitting.
All assignments are reviewed and may impact your final grade. Exceptionally or poorly written assignments, or
violation of the Academic Integrity Policy (see course syllabus for policy),
will affect your grade. Fifty percent of your grade is determined by your
writing assignments, and your overall exam score determines the other fifty
percent. Refer to the Essay Grading
Guidelines, which were sent as an attachment with your original course link.
You should also refer to the Course
Syllabus Addendum, which was sent as an attachment with your original course
link, to determine if you have any writing assignments in addition to the Critical
Thinking Questions (CTQ) and Journal Article Summations (JAS). If you do, the
Essay Grading Guidelines will also
apply.
Your writing
assignments must meet the minimum word count and are not to include the
question or your final citations as part of your word count. In other words,
the question and citations are not to be used as a means to
meet the minimum word count.
There
are four CTQs that you are required to complete. You will need to write a
minimum of 500 words (maximum 1,000) per essay. You should explain how the
information that you gained from the course will be applied and clearly convey
a strong understanding of the course content as it relates to each CTQ. To view
the questions, click on REQUIRED ESSAY and choose the CTQ that you are ready to
complete; this will bring up a screen where you may enter your essay. Prior to
course submission, you may go back at any point to edit your essay, but you
must be certain to click SAVE once you are done with your edits.
You
must click SAVE before you write another essay or move on to another part of
the course.
You are
required to write, in your own words, a summary on a total of three
peer-reviewed or scholarly journal articles (one article per JAS), written by
an author with a Ph.D., Ed.D. or similar, on the topic outlined within each JAS
section in the “Required Essays” portion of the course (blogs, abstracts, news
articles, or similar are not acceptable). Your article choice must relate specifically
to the discussion topic listed in each individual JAS. You will choose a total
of three relevant articles (one article per JAS) and write a thorough summary
of the information presented in each article (you must write a minimum of 200
words with a 400 word maximum per JAS). Be sure to
provide the URL or the journal name, volume, date, and any other critical
information to allow the facilitator to access and review each article.
To
write your summary, click on REQUIRED ESSAYS and choose the JAS that you would
like to complete. A writing program will automatically launch where you can
write your summary. When you are ready to stop, click SAVE. Prior to course submission you may go back at any point to
edit your summaries but you must be certain to click
SAVE once you are done with your edits. For more information on the features of
this assignment, please consult the HELP menu.
You
must click SAVE before you write another summary or move on to another part of
the course.
Karen Lea
holds a Ph.D. in education. Dr. Lea has 15 years of experience teaching at the
K–12 level and another 14 years’ experience teaching education courses at the
undergraduate and post-graduate levels. Those 14 years in higher education
included 6 years as a dean at a university and 7 additional years in charge of
assessment and accreditation at a university. Currently, she is a lead program development
owner at Western Governor’s University. Dr. Lea has been professionally published
more than 15 times and has served on over a dozen panels and boards, including
serving on the NCATE (CAEP) Board of Examiners.
You may
contact the instructor by emailing karen_lea@virtualeduc.com
or by calling 509-891-7219 Monday through Friday. Calls made during office
hours will be answered within 24 hours. Phone conferences will be limited to
ten minutes per student, per day, given that this is a self-paced instructional
program. Please do not contact the instructor about technical problems, course
glitches, or other issues that involve the operation of the course.
If you have
questions or problems related to the operation of this course, please try
everything twice. If the problem persists please check our support pages for
FAQs and known issues at www.virtualeduc.com
and also the Help section of your course.
If you need
personal assistance then email support@virtualeduc.com or call
509-891-7219. When contacting technical support, please know your course
version number (it is located at the bottom left side of the Welcome Screen)
and your operating system, and be seated in front of
the computer at the time of your call.
Please refer
to VESi’s website: www.virtualeduc.com or contact VESi if you have further questions about the compatibility
of your operating system.
Refer to the addendum
regarding Grading Criteria, Course Completion Information, Items to be
Submitted, and how to submit your completed information. The addendum will also
note any additional course assignments that you may be required to complete
that are not listed in this syllabus.
Akmajian, A.,
Farmer, A. K., Bickmore, L., Demers, R. A., &
Harnish, R. M. (2017). Linguistics: An introduction to language and
communication. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
All About
Linguistics. (2018a). Phonology. http://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-linguistics/phonology/
All About
Linguistics. (2018b). Semantics. http://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-linguistics/semantics/
Alshahrani, H. (2021). Teaching pre-service educators about Response
to Intervention (RTI) for children who are English Language Learners (ELL) and have
learning disabilities (Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson,
USA).
Anderson, C.
(2018). Essentials of linguistics. Pressbooks. https://essentialsoflinguistics.pressbooks.com/front-matter/introduction/
Anderson, S.
R. (2019). Morphology. In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia
of cognitive science. https://cowgill.ling.yale.edu/sra/morphology_ecs.htm
Antunez, B. (2018). English
language learners and the five essential components of reading instruction. Reading Rockets. http://www.readingrockets.org/article/english-language-learners-and-five-essential-components-reading-instruction
Arntsen, T.
(2018). How to teach prepositions of place (8 simple steps). Busy
Teacher. https://busyteacher.org/3630-how-to-teach-prepositions-of-place.html
Balthazar,
C. H., & Scott, C. M. (2018). Targeting complex sentences in older school
children with specific language impairment: Results from an early-phase
treatment study. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 61(3),
713–728. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-17-0105
Baron, J.
& Celaya, M. L. (2022). May I do something for you? The effects of
audio-visual material (captioned and non-captioned) on EFL pragmatic learning. Language
Teaching Research, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211067000
Beare, K. (2018). Intonation and stress in English: How
intonation and stress will improve your pronunciation. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/intonation-and-stress-in-english-1212070
Beare, K. (2019). How to teach pronouns. ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-teach-pronouns-1212115
Beare, K. (2019). A short guide to punctuation.
ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/guide-to-punctuation-1210356
Bishop, M.
(2019). Defying description: 10 fun ways to teach adjectives. Busy
Teacher. https://busyteacher.org/18397-how-to-teach-adjectives-10-fun-ways.html
Blackwood, M.
(2020). Top 10 elearning trends for languages
training in 2020. https://elearningindustry.com/10-elearning-trends-language-training-2020
Burton, S., Déchaine, R.-M., & Vatikiotis-Bateson,
E. (2012). Linguistics for dummies. John Wiley.
Calvo, X. P.
(2017). Dealing with linguistic diversity in the classroom: A challenge for
teachers. Making Literacy Meaningful. http://euliteracy.eu/dealing-with-linguistic-diversity-in-the-classroom-a-challenge-for-teachers/
Chou, E.
(2019). 5 quick and fun verb games to liven up your ESL classroom. https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/esl-verb-tenses-games-for-the-classroom/
Cirrus Teacher
Certification Exam Prep Team. (Eds.). (2019). Praxis English to speakers of
other languages. The PRAXIS Series. Trivium Test Prep.
CISL Admin. (n.d.).
5 common English grammar mistakes. Converse International School of
Languages. https://cisl.edu/5-common-english-grammar-mistakes/
Cleary, M. N.
(2014). The wrong way to teach grammar. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/02/the-wrong-way-to-teach-grammar/284014/
Collier, C.
(2010). Asking the right questions: RTI and ELLs. http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/asking-right-questions-rti-and-ells
Conrad, S. Hartig, A.J., & Santelmann,
L. (Eds.). (2021). The Cambridge introduction to applied linguistics.
Cambridge University Press.
Crossman, A. (2019).
Sociolinguistics. https://www.thoughtco.com/sociolinguistics-3026278
Crystal, D.
(2008). Dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell.
Davies, E. C.
(2014). A retrospective view of systemic functional linguistics, with notes
from a parallel perspective. Functional
Linguistics, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.1186/2196-419X-1-4
Donnchaidh, S. M. (2019). 9 ESL vocabulary activities to
build up your students’ word stores. FluentU. https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/esl-vocabulary-activities/
Drew, D.
(2021). The 4 types of phonics, explained! https://helpfulprofessor.com/types-of-phonics/
Dyslexia.
(2019). Morphological awareness: The power of morphology. http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/professionals/dyslexia-school/morphological-awareness
Ebbers, S.
(Pub.). (2010). A morphological approach for English language learners. Vocabulogic: Bridging the Verbal Divide. https://vocablog-plc.blogspot.com/2010/08/morphological-approach-for-english.html
Eble, C. (2018). What is sociolinguistics?
Sociolinguistics basics. http://www.pbs.org/speak/speech/sociolinguistics/sociolinguistics/
EbtBlue. (2017). Ideas for teaching parts of speed to
English language learners. A World of Language Learners. https://aworldoflanguagelearners.wordpress.com/2017/12/16/ideas-for-teaching-parts-of-speech-to-english-language-learners/
ELLO. (2019). Penelope
Brown and Stephen Levinson’s politeness theory. http://www.ello.uos.de/field.php/Pragmatics/PragmaticsPolitenessTheory
Emmiesahlan. (2019). Dynamic directions: Exciting
ways to teach ESL students prepositions. https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/teaching-prepositions-esl/
EnglishClub. (2018). Tips for teaching prepositions. https://www.englishclub.com/efl/tefl-articles/tips-for-teaching-prepositions/
ESOL. (2018). Verb
story. ESOL online. http://esolonline.tki.org.nz/ESOL-Online/Planning-for-my-students-needs/Resources-for-planning/ESOL-teaching-strategies/Writing/Verb-story
Estrella, O.
(2018). Fun activities to teach pronouns: First grade style. https://www.brighthubeducation.com/lesson-plans-grades-1-2/103184-first-grade-activities-that-teach-pronouns/
Everyday ESL.
(2018). Basic English grammar for the ESL teacher: Noun edition. https://everydayesl.com/blog/basic-english-grammar-nouns
Fareen, J. A.
M. (2021). English language use and usage in formal and social contexts: A
critical review. UGC Care Journal, 43(3). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348477939_ENGLISH_LANGUAGE_USE_AND_USAGE_IN_FORMAL_AND_SOCIAL_CONTEXTS_-A_CRITICAL_REVIEW
Farrell, L.
(2010). The difference between diphthongs
and diagraphs. The Center for Development & Learning. http://www.readsters.com/wp-content/uploads/DigraphDiphthongDifference.pdf
Florida
Department of Education. (2018). Literacy for learning in the content areas. https://www.fldoe.org/academics/standards/ss-arts-lit-gift.stml
Fulcher-Rood,
K., Castilla-Earls, A. P., & Higginbotham, J. (2018). School-Based
speech-language pathologists' perspectives on diagnostic decision making. American
Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-16-0121
Gallagher, K.
L. (2016). 3 best practices for teaching English language learners. https://www.gettingsmart.com/2016/03/3-best-practices-for-teaching-english-language-learners/
Geikhman, V. (2018). Intonation for English learners: When
to change it and how to learn it https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/english-intonation/
Gick, B., Wilson, I., & Derrick, D. (2013). Articulatory phonetics. Wiley-Blackwell.
Gottlieb, M.
(2021, December 9). Multilingual mysteries: Should we expand or diminish the
role of assessment for multilingual learners? Center for Applied
Linguistics. https://www.cal.org/news-and-events/blog/role-of-assessment-for-multilinguals
Gorman, B. K.
& Kester, E. S. (2013). Phonological
patterns of the English language learner. https://bilinguistics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/abad_1001.pdf
Grammar
Monster. (2019). What are prepositions? https://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/prepositions.htm
Gussenhoven, C., & Jacobs, H. (2017). Understanding phonology (4th
ed.). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Hamawand, Z. (2011). Morphology
in English: Word formation in cognitive grammar. Continuum International.
Hébert, L.
(n.d.). The functions of language. Signo:
Theoretical semiotics on the web. http://www.signosemio.com/jakobson/functions-of-language.asp
Hilliard, A.
(2017). Twelve activities for teaching the pragmatics of complaining to L2
learners. https://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/etf_55_1_p02-13.pdf.
Himmel, J.
(2013). Language objectives: The key to effective content area instruction
for English learners. http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/language-objectives-key-effective-content-area-instruction-english-learners
Horn, L. R.,
& Ward, G. (2006). The handbook of
pragmatics. Blackwell.
Ideas.Ted.Com.
(2014). 20 words that once meant something very different. https://ideas.ted.com/20-words-that-once-meant-something-very-different/
Ielanguages. (2019). What is semantics? https://ielanguages.com/semantics.html
Ingold, R.
(2017). Language, Winnie-the-Pooh, and how linguistics can help you. Nativas. https://learningandteaching-navitas.com/language-winnie-pooh-linguistics-can-help/
International Phonetic
Association. (2018). https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-phonetic-association/
IPA Chart. (n.d.). The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA
chart. http://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart
Irujo, S. (2018). What
does research tell us about teaching reading to English language learners? http://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-does-research-tell-us-about-teaching-reading-english-language-learners
ISFLA. (2018).
What is systemic-functional linguistics? http://www.isfla.org/Systemics/definition.html
Jones, C.
(1989). A history of English phonology.
Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
K12Reader.
(2018). Best practices in phonics instruction. https://www.k12reader.com/best-practices-in-phonics-instruction/
Kahn, D.
(2015). Syllable-based generalizations in
English phonology. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Kinsley, J.
(2018). Saussaure’s basic principles of
structural linguistics. Omniglot. https://www.omniglot.com/language/articles/structurallinguistics.htm
Hiser, N., & Kopecky, A.
(2009). American speech sounds. American Speech Sounds.
Kosur, H. M. (2019). Teaching semantic meaning to
English students. Brighthub. https://www.brighthubeducation.com/esl-lesson-plans/65974-teaching-semantic-meaning/
Ladusaw, W. (2018). Meaning
(semantics and pragmatics). Linguistic Society of America. https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/meaning-semantics-and-pragmatics
Lenchuk, I., & Ahmen, A.
(2013). Teaching pragmatic competence: A journey from teaching cultural facts
to teaching cultural awareness. TESL
Canada Journal, 30(7), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v30i7.1153
Levy, S.
(2019). How to teach punctuation skills. https://busyteacher.org/14463-how-to-teach-punctuation-skills-best-practices.html
Levy, S.
(2018). Excuse me (or please move): Teaching pragmatics in the classroom.
https://busyteacher.org/9191-how-to-teach-pragmatics-esl-conversation-classroom.html
Lingnet. (2019). Morphology – Word construction and
compositionality. http://www.linguisticsnetwork.com/morphology-word-construction-and-compositionality/
Linguistic
Society of America. (2016). Guidelines for inclusive language. Linguistic
Society of America. www.linguisticsociety.org
Linguistics
for Teachers of ELLs. (2018). What is pragmatics? https://linguisticsforteachersofells.weebly.com/pragmatics-in-the-classroom.html
Lubin, M. (2019). A simple guide to teaching young ESL
students about syntax. https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/esl-syntax/
Mado, J. D. (2019). Communication first! Six best
practices for the second language classroom. JDMLS. http://www.demado-seminars.com/archive/communication_first_the_six_best_practices_for_the_second_language_classroom.htm
Maimberg, B. (2012). Structural linguistics and human
communication: An introduction into the mechanism of language and the
methodology of linguistics. Springer-Verlag.
Mannell, R. (2011). Phonetics and phonology: Distinctive
features. Macquarie University Department of Linguistics. http://clas.mq.edu.au/speech/phonetics/phonology/features/
Middlebury.
(2015). Derivation, morphological trees. Morphology
and syntax. http://sites.middlebury.edu/spring2015morphologysyntax/slides/
National
Association for the Education of Young Children. (1995). Responding to linguistic and cultural diversity recommendations for
early childhood education. Author.
National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2003). Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching children to read – A
summary report. https://www.cdl.org/articles/report-national-reading-panel-teaching-children-to-read/#over
Nativlang. (2018). Sounds in language: Basic phonology. http://www.nativlang.com/linguistics/ipa-phonology-lessons.php
Nelson, W.
(2018). Accent reduction for professionals: How to eliminate your accent to
sound more American. CreateSpace.
Newmeyer, F. J. (2017). The history of modern linguistics.
Linguistic Society of America. https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/history-modern-linguistics
Nordquist, R. (2017). Systemic functional linguistics (SFL).
https://www.thoughtco.com/systemic-functional-linguistics-1692022
Nordquist, R. (2018a). Derivational morpheme in grammar.
https://www.thoughtco.com/derivational-morpheme-words-1690381
Nordquist, R. (2018b). Inflectional morphology. https://www.thoughtco.com/inflectional-morphology-words-1691065
Nordquist, R. (2018c). Definition and examples of syntax.
https://www.thoughtco.com/syntax-grammar-1692182
Nordquist, R. (2018d). What is the definition of word? https://www.thoughtco.com/word-english-language-1692612
Nordquist, R. (2018e). What is metonymy? https://www.thoughtco.com/metonymy-figures-of-speech-1691388
Ouelette, G., & Sénéchal, M. (2017).
Invented spelling in kindergarten as a predictor of reading and spelling in
grade 1: A new Pathway to literacy, or just the same road, less known? Developmental Psychology,
53(1) 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev
Palumbo. A.
(2015). Teaching vocabulary and morphology in intermediate grades. Preventing School Failure: Alternative
Education for Children and Youth, 59(2), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2013.850649
Pennington, M.
C. (2013). Phonology in English language
teaching: An international approach. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Pentzlin, K. (2011). Second
revised proposal to encode characters for the English Phonotypic Alphabet (EPA)
in the UCS. Working Group Document. http://unicode.org/L2/L2011/11153-epa.pdf
Perles, K.
(2018). Useful lesson plan on adverbs. https://www.brighthubeducation.com/lesson-plans-grades-3-5/50125-teaching-adverbs/
Pesce, C. (2018). 10 biggest ESL grammar mistakes and
how to keep your students from making them. https://busyteacher.org/18253-10-biggest-esl-grammar-mistakes-students-make.html
Phonology.
(2018). In Encylopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/phonology
Potts, C. (2014).
Pragmatics. In R. Mitkov (Ed.), Oxford handbook of
computational linguistics (2nd ed.). https://web.stanford.edu/~cgpotts/papers/potts-pragmatics-oupcompling.pdf
Prath, S. (2016, April 12). Know these 4 areas of typical
second language “errors.” ASHA Leader Magazine. https://blog.asha.org/2016/04/12/4-quick-ways-to-identify-typical-language-patterns-of-bilingual-children/
Prepositions.
(2018). In Grammar book. https://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/probPrep.asp
Pronunciation
Studio. (2018). Diphthongs: A pronunciation guide. https://pronunciationstudio.com/pronunciation-guide-diphthong-vowel-sounds/
Rachel’s
English. (2018). Why we need the IPA. https://rachelsenglish.com/ipa-heteronymns-homophones/
Reading
Rockets. (2018). Tips for teaching your child about phonemes. http://www.readingrockets.org/article/tips-teaching-your-child-about-phonemes
Readwritethink. (2019). Common content area roots and affixes.
http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/printouts/common-content-area-roots-30842.html
Rehbin, T. (2018). How to teach grammar effectively in
schools and across disciplines. https://www.sadlier.com/school/ela-blog/how-to-teach-grammar-effectively-in-schools-and-across-disciplines-free-printables
Reutzel, D. R. (2015). Early literacy research: Findings primary-grade
teachers will want to know.
Reading Teacher, 69(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1387
Rippel, M. (2018). How to teach prefixes. All About Learning Press. https://blog.allaboutlearningpress.com/prefixes/
Robertson, K.
(2014). Five things
teachers can do to improve learning for ELLs in the new year. http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/five-things-teachers-can-do-improve-learning-ells-new-year
Robertson, K.
(2018). Supporting ELLS in the mainstream classroom: Language tips. http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/supporting-ells-mainstream-classroom-language-tips
Robertson, K.
(2014). Reading 101 for English language
learners. http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/reading-101-english-language-learners
Rosado, L. A.
(2013). Praxis II English to speakers of
other languages. Arlington, Texas, Research & Education Association.
Sandoval, J.
B., & Denham, K. E. (2021). Thinking like a linguist: An introduction to
the science of language. Cambridge University Press.
Schulze, J.
(2015). Academic language, English language learners, and systemic functional
linguistics: Connecting theory and practice in teacher education. CATESOL Journal, 27(1), 109–132. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4bb8/8802260db016472a684973cf55e1e4778acf.pdf
Schwartz, J.
(2021). 10 strategies that support English language learners across all
subjects. https://www.edutopia.org/article/10-strategies-support-english-language-learners-across-all-subjects
Science Daily.
(2021). Foreign language learners should be exposed to slang in the
classroom and here’s why.... https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210217121727.htm
Sedita, J. (2018). Using morphology to teach vocabulary.
Literacy Lines. https://keystoliteracy.com/blog/using-morphology-to-teach-vocabulary/
Siegel, J.
(2016). Pragmatic activities for the speaking classroom. https://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/etf_54_1_pg12-19.pdf
Small, L. H.
(2020). Fundamentals of phonetics: A practical guide for students (5th
ed.). Pearson.
Stevens, K. N.
(2000). Acoustic phonetics.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Szczegielniak, A. (2017). Introduction to linguistic theory. Harvard
Scholars. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjas_eNx4TgAhVHaq0KHR3SDUsQFjAKegQIAxAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.harvard.edu%2Ffiles%2Fadam%2Ffiles%2Flanguage_acquisition.ppt.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1xaNisQPmfLyjQ2QU0CFrR
Tannen, D.
(2018). Discourse analysis – What speakers do in conversation.
Linguistic Society of America. https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/discourse-analysis-what-speakers-do-conversation
TedPower. (2018). Pronunciation.
http://www.tedpower.co.uk/index.html
TESOL. (2017).
Why K–12 teachers need to know about ESL grammar issues. Advancing
Excellence in English Language Teaching. https://www.tesol.org/read-and-publish/journals/other-serial-publications/compleat-links/compleat-links-volume-6-issue-3-4-(october-2009)/why-k-12-teachers-need-to-know-about-esl-grammar-issues
Thomas, A.
(2012). Building vocabulary through morphemes: Using word parts to unlock
meaning. Center for Development & Learning. http://searkinstructionalfacilitation.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/104146639/Phonics-BuildingVocabularyThroughMorphemes.pdf
Tuma, F., & Sherman, T. (2022). Recruiting help in
word searches in L2 peer interaction: A multimodeal
conversation-analytic study. Linguistics and Education, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2021.100999
University of
Sheffield. (2017). All about linguistics. http://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/about-this-website/
Vajda, E. J.
(2018). Syntax. https://works.bepress.com/edward_vajda/82/
Van Dijk, T.
A. (2015). Some aspects of text grammars: A study
in theoretical linguistics and poetics. Zuid-Nederlandsche
Drukkerij N.V., Printers.
Varsity
Tutors. (2019). Grammar and parts of speech: Useful resources. Web
English Teacher. https://www.varsitytutors.com/englishteacher/grammar
Vasquez, V.
(2022). Scaffolding techniques for English language learners: Part 1. https://www.collaborativeclassroom.org/blog/scaffolding-techniques-english-language-learners-part-1/
Verner, S.
(2019). Everything your ESL students need to know about nouns. https://busyteacher.org/20878-everything-your-esl-students-need-to-know-about.html
VIPKID.
(2018). 9 ways to teach adjectives to ESL students. https://busyteacher.org/17877-teach-adjectives-9-creative-writing-idea.html
Warner, J.
(2018). Why they can’t write: Killing the five-paragraph essay and other
necessities. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Watson, S.
(2017). Dipthongs: The sliding vowels. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/sounds-in-spelling-the-dipthongs-3111059
Wolfram, W.
(2017). Sociolinguistics. Linguistic Society of America. https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/sociolinguistics
Yule, G.
(2020). The study of language. Cambridge University Press.
Zacarian, D. (2011). Using RTI effectively with English
language learners. http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/rti-and-english-language-learners
Course content is updated every three years. Due to
this update timeline, some URL links may no longer be active or may have
changed. Please type the title of the organization into the command line of any
Internet browser search window and you will be able to find whether the URL
link is still active or any new link to the corresponding organization’s web
home page.
10/26/22 JN