Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse
Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse:
- Usually, the sexual abuse begins when a child is very young and lasts several years before disclosure or discovery.
- The perpetrator often grooms his victim over a period of time, showing the child special favor and building a relationship with her or him. In addition to the actual sexual violation, this misuse of trust is one of the most psychologically damaging effects on the victim
- The typical offender is a male (although females can and do engage in child sexual abuse)
- The offender uses his or her position of power to take advantage of the child’s trust, need for affection and innocence
- Children rarely lie about sexual abuse incidents
- Children often keep the incidents a secret for a long time
- Child sexual abuse occurs in all societies, in all socioeconomic groups and in all racial groups
Child Sexually Abusive Behaviors
So that you can gain a better understanding of the continuum of child sexual abuse, the range of abusive behaviors are listed below.
Non-touching sexual offenses include:
- Indecent exposure/exhibitionism--the act of exposing one’s sex organs in a manner that, considering the surrounding circumstances, is offensive, sexually suggestive, or otherwise inappropriate
- Exposing children to pornographic material
- Deliberately exposing a child to sexual acts, especially intercourse
- Masturbation in front of a child
Touching sexual offenses include:
- Fondling
- Making a child touch an adult’s sexual organ
- Any intentional touching of the sexual or intimate parts of the body done for the purposes of satisfying the sexual desire of either party. This includes touching through clothing
Sexual exploitation includes:
- Engaging the child for the purposes of prostitution
- Using a child to film, photograph, or model pornography
- Encouraging or forcing a child to engage in sexual activity with another person or animal
- Encouraging or forcing a child to engage in sexually explicit behavior
- Allowing or encouraging others to sexually abuse or exploit a child
Sexual abuse refers to:
- Vaginal, anal or oral intercourse with a child
- Any act of sexual contact between persons involving the sex organs of one person and the mouth, anus or vagina of another person
- Any penetration of a child’s anus or vagina by an object that does not have a medical purpose
Indicators of Sexual Abuse
Physical indicators of sexual abuse in children are:
- Compulsive masturbation
- Wetting or soiling after being toilet trained
- Altered sleep patterns
- Learning problems
- Bruising or bleeding of external genitalia
- Complaints of itching or pain in genitalia or anus
- Difficulty sitting or walking
- Torn, stained or bloody underclothing
- Evidence of physical trauma to the mouth or venereal disease present in the mouth
- Odd or unusually shaped bruises caused by sucking
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Unusual or offensive odors
Physical indicators of sexual abuse in teenagers are all of the behaviors listed for children plus:
- Pregnancy, especially in early adolescence or in a girl who has no history of peer socialization
- Substance abuse
Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse in children include certain sexualized behaviors such as:
- Excessive knowledge or curiosity about sex beyond what is appropriate for their age
- Sexual acting out with peers
- Seductive behaviors
- Sexual inferences in artwork
- Wariness of adult touching
- Reports of sexual contact by caretaker
Inappropriate dress:
- Wears seductive clothing or wears many layers of clothing inappropriate to the weather
- Use of sexual expressions inappropriate for their age
- Touching (or attempts to touch) the genitals of other children, adults or animals
- Teaching other children how to masturbate or other sexual behaviors
- Indirect hints, open statements, or fishing for attention using sexual statements
- Changes in behavior during or after personal safety curriculum
Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse in children include certain social and emotional behaviors such as:
- Experiencing separation anxiety
- Developing fears and phobias
- Developing tension symptoms such as stomachaches, nail biting or skin disorders
- Becoming nonverbal
- Being overly withdrawn, passive or infantile
- Having periods of deep depression
- Exhibiting a marked change or regression in behavior or personality
- Experiencing marked anxiety, irritability or inattentiveness
- Lacking friends, having poor relationships with peers
Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse in children include other symptoms such as:
- Running away
- Engaging in delinquent activities, such as stealing or starting fires
- Exhibiting overly compulsive behaviors, especially excessive washing/bathing
- Avoiding bathrooms continually to the point of physical discomfort
- Doing poorly in school
- Arriving at school early, or not wanting to go home after school
- Exhibiting reluctance to be with a certain person or go to a certain place
- Being extremely tired, falling asleep in class
- Having a drastic change in appetite/eating patterns
Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse in teenagers include:
- Failing grades
- Suicide threats or attempts
- Early marriage
- Trouble with the legal system
- Unwillingness to change for gym class or go on overnight extracurricular trips
- Promiscuity
- Extreme passivity during a pelvic exam
Family indicators of sexual abuse are:
- Extreme paternal dominance and restrictiveness coupled with submissiveness on the part of the wife, or a very passive, dependent male coupled with a domineering, mothering, competent wife
- Fathers who have excessive interest in their daughters' relationships with peers
- The family's being isolated from community and support services
- Parents who display extreme resistance to allowing their child to participate in child abuse prevention curriculum
- Marked role reversal between mother and child
- Over protectiveness of the child or guarding what the child says
- A history of sexual abuse for either parent
- Substance abuse by either parent or by teen
- Other types of violence in the home
- An absent spouse due to chronic illness, mental health problems, divorce or separation
- Severe overcrowding in the home
- Parent complaints about a seductive child
- Frequent absence or tardiness of child coupled with parents who are uncooperative when the school attempts to get the child to school
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